Intel Unveils Lunar Lake Architecture: New P and E cores, Xe2-LPG Graphics, New NPU 4 Brings More AI Performance
by Gavin Bonshor on June 3, 2024 11:00 PM ESTIntel this morning is lifting the lid on some of the finer architectural and technical details about its upcoming Lunar Lake SoC – the chip that will be the next generation of Core Ultra mobile processors. Once again holding one of their increasingly regular Tech Tour events for media and analysts, Intel this time set up shop in Taipei just before the beginning of Computex 2024. During the Tech Tour, Intel disclosed numerous facets of Lunar Lake, including their new P-Core design codenamed Lion Cove and a new wave of E-cores that are a bit more like Meteor Lake's pioneering Low Power Island E-Cores. Also disclosed was the Intel NPU 4, which Intel claims delivers up to 48 TOPS, surpassing Microsoft's Copilot+ requirements for the new age of AI PCs.
Intel's Lunar Lake represents a strategic evolution in their mobile SoC lineup, building on their Meteor Lake launch last year, focusing on enhancing power efficiency and optimizing performance across the board. Lunar Lake dynamically allocates tasks to efficient cores (E-cores) or performance cores (P-cores) based on workload demands by leveraging advanced scheduling mechanisms, which are assigned to ensure optimal power usage and performance. Still, once again, Intel Thread Director, along with Windows 11, plays a pivotal role in this process, guiding the OS scheduler to make real-time adjustments that balance efficiency with computational power depending on the intensity of the workload.
Intel CPU Architecture Generations | |||||
Alder/Raptor Lake | Meteor Lake |
Lunar Lake |
Arrow Lake |
Panther Lake |
|
P-Core Architecture | Golden Cove/ Raptor Cove |
Redwood Cove | Lion Cove | Lion Cove | Cougar Cove? |
E-Core Architecture | Gracemont | Crestmont | Skymont | Crestmont? | Darkmont? |
GPU Architecture | Xe-LP | Xe-LPG | Xe2 | Xe2? | ? |
NPU Architecture | N/A | NPU 3720 | NPU 4 | ? | ? |
Active Tiles | 1 (Monolithic) | 4 | 2 | 4? | ? |
Manufacturing Processes | Intel 7 | Intel 4 + TSMC N6 + TSMC N5 | TSMC N3B + TSMC N6 | Intel 20A + More | Intel 18A |
Segment | Mobile + Desktop | Mobile | LP Mobile | HP Mobile + Desktop | Mobile? |
Release Date (OEM) | Q4'2021 | Q4'2023 | Q3'2024 | Q4'2024 | 2025 |
Lunar Lake: Designed By Intel, Built By TSMC (& Assembled By Intel)
While there are many aspects of Lunar Lake to dive into, perhaps it's best we start with what's sure to be the most eye-catching: who's building it.
Intel's Lunar Lake tiles are not being fabbed using any of their own foundry facilities – a sharp departure from historical precedence, and even the recent Meteor Lake, where the compute tile was made using the Intel 4 process. Instead, both tiles of the disaggregated Lunar Lake are being fabbed over at TSMC, using a mix of TSMC's N3B and N6 processes. In 2021 Intel set about freeing their chip design groups to use the best foundry they could – be it internal or external – and there's no place that's more apparent than here.
Overall, Lunar Lake represents their second generation of disaggregated SoC architecture for the mobile market, replacing the Meteor Lake architecture in the lower-end space. At this time, Intel has disclosed that it uses a 4P+4E (8 core) design, with hyper-threading/SMT disabled, so the total thread count supported by the processor is simply the number of CPU cores, e.g., 4P+4E/8T.
The build-up of Lunar Lake combines a synergetic collaboration between Intel’s architectural design team and TSMC's manufacturing process nodes to bring the latest Lion Cove P-cores to Lunar Lake, which boosts Intel's architectural IPC as you would expect from a new generation. At the same time, Intel also introduces the Skymont E-cores, which replace the Low Power Island Cresmont E-cores of Meteor Lake. Notably, however, these E-cores don't connect to the ring bus like the P-cores, which makes them a sort of hybrid LP E-core, combining the efficiency gains of the more advanced TSMC N3B node with the double-digit gains in IPC over the previous Crestmont cores.
The entire compute tile, including the P and E-cores, is built on TSMC's N3B node, while the SoC tile is made using the TSMC N6 node.
At a higher level, Intel is once again using their Foveros packaging technology here. Both the compute and SoC (now the "Platform Controller") tiles sit on top of a base tile, which provides high-speed/low-power routing between the tiles, and further connectivity to the rest of the chip and beyond.
In another first for a mainstream Intel Core product, the Lunar Lake SoC platform also includes up to 32 GB of LPDDR5X memory on the chip package itself. This is arranged as a pair of 64-bit memory chips, offering a total 128-bit memory interface. As with other vendors using on-package memory, this change means that users can't just upgrade DRAM at-will, and the memory configurations for Lunar Lake will ultimately be determined by what SKUs Intel opts to ship.
With Lunar Lake, Intel is also strongly focusing on AI, as the architecture integrates a new NPU called NPU 4. This NPU is rated for up to 48 TOPS of INT8 performance, thus making it Microsoft Copilot+ AI PC ready. This is the bar all of the PC SoC vendors are aiming for, including AMD and Qualcomm too.
Intel's integrated GPU will also be a contributing player here. While not the highly efficient machine that the dedicated NPU is, the Arc Xe2-LPG brings dozens of additional T(FL)OPS of performance with it, and some additional flexibility an NPU doesn't come with. Which is why you'll also see Intel rating the performance of these chips in terms of total platform TOPS – in this case, 120 TOPS.
Intel's collaboration with Microsoft further enhances workload management through the fabled Intel Thread Director, optimized for applications such as the Copilot assistant. Given the time of the introduction of Lunar Lake, it somewhat sets the stage for a Q3 2024 launch, which coincides with the holiday 2024 market.
Intel Lunar Lake: Updating Intel Thread Director & Power Management Improvements
To say that energy efficiency is a key goal for Lunar Lake would be an understatement. For as much as Intel is riding high in the mobile PC CPU market (AMD's share there is still but a fraction), the company has been feeling the pressure over the last few years from customer-turned-rival Apple, whose M-series Apple Silicon has been setting the bar for power efficiency over the last few years. And now with Qualcomm attempting to do the same things for the Windows ecosystem with their forthcoming Snapdragon X chips, Intel is preparing to make their own power play.
Intel's Thread Director and power management updates for Lunar Lake show various and significant improvements compared to Meteor Lake. The Thread Director uses a heterogeneous scheduling policy, initially assigning tasks to a single E-core and expanding to other E-cores or P-cores as and when needed. OS containment zones are designed to limit tasks to specific cores, which directly improves power efficiency and delivers the performance needed by the right core for the workload at hand. Integration with power management systems and a quad array of Power Management Controllers (PMC) further allows the chip, in concert with Windows 11, to make context-aware adjustments, ensuring optimal performance with minimal power usage and wastage.
Lunar Lake's scheduling strategy effectively handles power-sensitive applications. One example Intel gave is that video conferencing tasks are kept within the efficiency core cluster, utilizing the E-cores to maintain performance while reducing power consumption by up to 35%, as shown by Intel's provided data. These improvements are achieved through collaboration with OS developers such as Microsoft for seamless integration for optimizing for the best balance between power consumption and performance.
Focusing on the power management system for Lunar Lake, Intel uses its SoC power management, operating in efficiency, balance, and performance modes tailored and designed to adapt to whatever the demands of the workload at the time of operation. This multi-layered approach allows the Lunar Lake SoC to operate efficiently. Again, much like the Intel Thread Director, the PMCs can balance power usage with performance needs.
Intel further plans to enhance the Thread Director by increasing scenario granularity, implementing AI-based scheduling hints, and enabling cross-IP scheduling within Windows 11. These enhancements essentially equate to workload management designed to boost overall power efficiency and deliver performance across various applications when needed without wasting power budget by allocating lighter tasks to the higher power P-cores.
Over the next few pages, we'll explore the new P and E cores and Intel's update to ther integrated Arc Xe (Xe2-LPG) graphics.
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Bruzzone - Thursday, June 6, 2024 - link
Thanks BushLin, I also find all the engineering and end use perspectives interesting as a compliment resource specific market observations I triangulate for common perspective and some not so common perspectives from time to time.My full AMD workstation, desktop and mobile what's selling in the last 6 weeks report is now posted at Seeking Alpha.
I posted here in comment string and just look down comments to the pointer and the full report is easily downloadable. There is also a pointer within the downloadable report itself to the same Intel data last eight weeks.
https://seekingalpha.com/article/4697165-computex-...
Mike Bruzzone, Camp Marketing
lmcd - Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - link
if you don't understand how inventory affects pricing then stick to redditballsystemlord - Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - link
In answer to your question, "It's worth the wait to Lunar and Arrow?"In terms of Intel's CPU/GPU performance, I doubt it.
In terms of power efficiency, they might have caught up. We'll have to wait for reviews. Only partially refreshing the screen should lead to a nice performance improvement and/or efficiency improvement of the GPU.
In terms of QoL improvements, it looks like Intel went all out for this new generation. In the following statements, I'm assuming that Intel's able to deliver. Having multiple TB4 ports is useful. Having TB4 with the ability to transfer files is also useful. So is better Wi-Fi. If anything, this might be *the* killer feature of the series. Likewise, VVC, assuming it's not badly licenced, should prove useful. I wonder if VVC is supported by their Quicksync encoder...
Don't misunderstand me, I appreciate what you've said above. But I really don't see this gen failing badly unless AMD/Qualcomm can equal them in terms of useful features.
Bruzzone - Thursday, June 6, 2024 - link
Ballsystemlord,I also think Intel's on it way back to mobile efficiency. While Meteor is ramping, I perceive OEMs from channel data and enterprise IT especially Intel shops on 'applications utility' value, and validation, waiting for Lunar / Arrow and or Strix. Granite Ridge I see facing an AM5 saturation issue and there is sooo much Raphael and Vermeer in the channel to clear R9K price will likely be held up while Raptor/Alder and Raphael/Vermeer nose dive on channel liquidation for capital reclaim to buy new like q4 into first half 2025.
From the channel data AMD and Intel are dumping all over Snapdragon X whose launch is into a deflationary price cycle at least through q1 2025. Lots of downward price and margin pressure.
Me, I am looking for a new (used) laptop, more a desktop replacement than Office low power and AI does not matter to me currently. I was interested in a used Tiger Octa or Cezanne H_ with MXM GPU but waiting a wee bit more because laptop prices including gaming are in a nose dive.
Means I'll be able to move up to new 13th Raptor in overage supply condition or used Alder or Rembrandt H with minimally Ampere. AMD Cezanne and Rembrandt and 13th and 12th pricing just let go and it get's better into q4. See my Seeking Alpha report on supply, trade-in and sales trend pointed to above.
mb
GeoffreyA - Thursday, June 6, 2024 - link
Though my computer is all right, I'd like to upgrade to Cezanne or Renoir, either 5600G or 4600G. (It will likely be the latter because of motherboard woes.) Here, the prices have been stuck for ages. Do you think they'll ever drop?ballsystemlord - Thursday, June 6, 2024 - link
GeoffreyA, I'm not involved with the markets like Mr. Bruzzone, but my recent experience with trying to get a GPU for 4 years in a row says, "Yes, prices will go back down."GeoffreyA - Friday, June 7, 2024 - link
Thanks. It's just puzzling because I don't understand the markets and economic side of things too well.lmcd - Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - link
5600G and 4600G are weird parts because they're dependent on AMD's mobile positioning. The latter (4600G) isn't being manufactured anymore to my knowledge -- Renoir is useless now to AMD because it was supplanted in mobile by the updated Mendocino platform, which likely will never be brought to desktop. I am not sure pricing on the 4600G will ever make sense.5600G is Cezanne, which is still being manufactured for 7x30 series (or was until recently).
However, at this point Cezanne is 7nm and easily binned, but there is no direct 5600G replacement yet as AMD did not launch a 7000 series G product. The 8000G series (just announced) should push 5600G into clearance pricing.
GeoffreyA - Thursday, June 13, 2024 - link
Thanks. Good explanation. I'd go for the 5600G, but my motherboard, B450 Tomahawk, apparently has issues with this very CPU, despite there being BIOS support for quite some time. Online, people haven't had a solution, and MSI says nothing.mode_13h - Thursday, June 6, 2024 - link
Hey, where's the rest of the slide deck? There are definitely some slides I've seen elsewhere that aren't featured in the article. I'm used to this site posting the entire slides at the end.