For a long time Microsoft was in an enviable position in the smartphone space. It had almost all the pieces of the puzzle you’d expect for delivering a truly unique smartphone platform. It had the historical perspective, from the initial days of PocketPC, to Windows Mobile platforms, the software giant hasn’t exactly been uninvolved with the smartphone space. It is and remains first and foremost a software company, while other players come either the web or primarily hardware-focused perspectives. Lastly, it had the relationship with OEMs like HTC already, willing to commit to radically different platforms. It seemed like execution was just a matter of lining up all those assets and clicking go.

With Windows Phone 7, we saw Microsoft make a clean break from Windows Mobile and begin to morph the mobile experience from something tailored largely for users wanting a smartphone that emulated the Windows experience as much as possible on a smaller screen to a mobile-driven UI with a completely ground-up look at what needs to be part of a smartphone OS. WP7 was a radical re-imagining of Microsoft’s mobile story at a point in the smartphone explosion where it wasn’t very clear who would emerge victorious and who would fizzle out. I remember being at MIX10 two years ago and watching the elements of WP7 taking shape, and while that launch didn’t necessarily have every last feature needed to guarantee success, Windows Phone is still around and a few other big players notably aren’t. At that point Microsoft essentially started anew and since then has largely remained something of a number three in the smartphone OS space while iOS and Android have continued charging ahead. The question now is just how Windows Phone 8 will upset that balance.

Hello NT Kernel - Bye Windows CE

Superficially Windows Phone 8 is very similar to Windows Phone 7.5 and 7 that came before it, but what’s different under the hood is dramatic. The move away from the Windows CE kernel and onto the same NT kernel as Windows 8 and RT run will have far reaching implications for the platform that won’t be immediately visible to users, but is nonetheless the core of what’s new in Windows Phone 8 (henceforth WP8). It might seem odd to start out the discussion about WP8 by talking about this, but really this is the single largest change in this revision.

For Microsoft, the break from Windows Mobile wasn’t really as clean as it probably would have liked. In fact, large parts of WP7 were built atop the exact same framework (and the same CE kernel) that drove that platform. The result was a software stack without the kind of abstraction necessary to make moving between silicon an easy move, and as a result WP7 hardware always seemed to lag behind what was relevant at the time in other camps. While the continual refrain in the mobile space is that specs don’t matter, the reality is that the truth couldn’t be further away. Battery life improvements, newer air interfaces (though we saw LTE support get added at the tail end of WP7’s life cycle for the Lumia 900), better camera performance, better video performance, and of course better overall performance all starts with that combination of SoC and kernel.

For WP8 the move to the same “shared core” (NT kernel) as Windows 8 and RT brings numerous improvements. First is that improved level of hardware abstraction which makes moving between SoCs easier. When I heard about this, I joked that at present that really only translates into less work for Qualcomm (WP8 is still a Qualcomm-only camp), but at the same time in theory work done by other silicon vendors to make their SoCs run Windows RT well translates to work done toward the same goal for WP8. I won’t speculate too much about the exclusivity implications, but that portability for the platform is there.

The other improvement from moving to the NT kernel and away from CE is multicore support. Win NT’s scheduler scales nicely even up to 64 cores, and while we’re thankfully a ways off from seeing more than 4–8 logical cores on mobile SoCs, the platform is now there to support it. The other angle is that obviously Microsoft knows how to write a good scheduler, whereas we’ve seen some other platforms only recently start to get threading ironed out for multicore SoCs. The other story is easier driver migration for both the OEMs and other hardware or silicon partners, obviously bringing WDDM to WP8 makes sense given silicon vendors already working on this for Windows RT and Windows 8.

Better sandboxing support in the NT kernel also enables the use of development in C/C++ and thus sandboxed execution of native code. The major complaint back in the WP7 days was always that developers had to work with managed code in a managed environment with Silverlight. Try as Microsoft did to hide the difference between the first party native apps and third party ones, there was always a detectable and uncanny difference in feel and responsiveness for me between apps that were clearly Silverlight or clearly XNA or first party. That’s a really subtle WP7 complaint I wager most users never noticed, but the goal is to eliminate as much as possible of that in WP8.

Finally the chassis spec has also changed a bit with WP8 as a result of the changes in both kernel and higher level platform support. Chief among those is the change in which display resolutions OEMs can build for WP8, which now includes 720p and WXGA in addition to WVGA, which means there are now two aspect ratios for WP8, both 15:9 and 16:9, more on that later. Support for SD cards is also a big new feature in WP8, though this is an optional thing for OEMs, and interestingly enough neither of the flagship WP8 launch devices (Nokia Lumia 920 or the HTC 8X) include one. The spec also explicitly calls out Snapdragon S4, at present from what I can tell all launch devices are S4 Plus, either MSM8960 (28nm dual core Krait up to 1.5 GHz with Adreno 225) or MSM8x30 (28nm dual core Krait up to 1.2 GHz with Adreno 305). Larger displays also beget more RAM, up to 1 GB minimum now. The rest of the spec is largely the same — dedicated buttons for navigation, a camera button if you include a camera, WiFi, bluetooth, and so forth. I would’ve loved to see 5 GHz WLAN become a mandatory thing for the spec, but it seems as though most of the higher end WP8 devices will include it anyway as a result of widespread component availability.

Windows Phone 8 Chassis Spec
Component Minimum Specification
SoC A "powerful" Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 dual core processor
GPU DirectX graphics hardware support with hardware acceleration for Direct3D using programmable GPU
RAM 512 MB for WVGA, 1 GB for 720p and WXGA
Storage 4 GB NAND, optional microSD with SD or SDXC support
WLAN + BT 802.11b/g (n optional), Bluetooth (no mandatory spec)
Display 800x480 (WVGA), 1280x720 (720p), 1280x768 (WXGA), 16bpp minimum, capacitive multitouch with 4 or more simultaneous points
Sensors Accelerometer, proximity, ambient light (ALS). Optional magnetometer/compass, gyro.
GNSS GPS mandatory, GLONASS optional (S4 includes support)
I/O microUSB 2.0, 3.5mm headset jack with 3 button support, vibration
Buttons Dedicated start, back, search, power/lock, volume up, volume down
Camera Rear-facing camera with LED or Xenon flash, AF, and an optional front-facing camera, both with VGA quality or better, and a dedicated camera button for quick access. (Note: While the Windows Phone 8 chassis specification does not mandate either a main camera or a front-facing camera, all of the Windows Phone 8 launch devices will have both.)

I think it’s fairly easy to argue that the kernel and chassis spec make up the core of what’s new in WP8. From my point of view, this is the bulk of what’s really different about the platform, and at a high level WP8 is essentially an entirely new smartphone OS simply styled the same as WP7.8. As always, however, it’s possible to nail all of this but still not execute well elsewhere, and this is where we turn to the rest of the WP8 story.

Live Tiles, Lock Screen, Maps, Hubs
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  • maximumGPU - Monday, October 29, 2012 - link

    Thanks for the in depth preview Brian, it's shaping up to be quite the fight between this device and the lumia 920.

    did the relatively low brightness levels cause you any concern during your time with the phone?
  • will792 - Monday, October 29, 2012 - link

    I disagree that Microsoft knows how to implement good thread scheduler. After so many years of potential time to replicate Linux/Unix/Solaris multithreading on Windows servers it is still much worse.
  • mantikos - Monday, October 29, 2012 - link

    BS
  • darwinosx - Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - link

    Learn something about schedulers in general and Microsofts implementation then you will see how lousy it is.
  • mantikos - Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - link

    Oh ok, so because I disagree I don't know any better...gotcha
  • Alucard291 - Monday, November 5, 2012 - link

    Well your argument has been strong and well put. /s

    Sorry but no it wasn't. Saying "BS" and expecting a normal reply?

    Yes you don't seem to know any better.
  • darwinosx - Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - link

    Microsoft's thread scheduler has always sucked. Was surprised to see you say different Brian as this is well known.
  • Zink - Monday, October 29, 2012 - link

    Podcast. Sorry to bug you but no one else comes close. The Verge has great coverage of Nexus devices hands on and fancy words etc. but only you guys do podcasts that are good.
  • softdrinkviking - Monday, October 29, 2012 - link

    Hi Brian,
    Thanks for the run down of your few days with WP8.
    Couple things I would love to hear about before the physical launch date!
    How about the interface software? The biggest issue I have with WP7 has been the lack of sync support with outlook.
    Also, Zune sucks. Zune software is buggy and it has abysmal file support.

    And the Marketplace. What about the Marketplace confusion? Are we still supposed to jump around between xbox and live and zune accounts?

    There are a lot of convoluted issues in the WP OS that need to be revised for WP8.
  • karasaj - Tuesday, October 30, 2012 - link

    Zune has been replaced by the xbox music software etc. I believe.

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